Which of the following is not a principle of TQM?

The principle of strict adherence to line management is not a core principle of Total Quality Management (TQM). TQM is fundamentally centered around a holistic approach to improving quality and performance in an organization, which relies more on collaboration and teamwork rather than strict hierarchical structures.

In TQM, the focus on customer satisfaction is paramount, driving organizations to meet and exceed customer expectations as a way to ensure long-term success and loyalty. Regular audits of quality practices help to maintain and improve quality standards by identifying areas for enhancement. Similarly, emphasizing employee training is crucial in TQM, as it equips employees with the skills and knowledge necessary to contribute to quality improvement efforts.

In contrast, strict adherence to line management limits flexibility and can stifle innovation and engagement, which are essential for a successful TQM implementation. TQM advocates for a culture of participation and empowerment across all levels of the organization, contrasting with a rigid adherence to traditional management structures.